1. My second daughter taught herself to read at preschool age by reading cereal boxes. She could read in kindergarten. I felt first grade would be a waste of time, so sent her to private school second grade when public and parochial school wouldn't do it.
2. Deaf children must have a difficult time throughout life without hearing vocabulary. I notice that their written wording and sentence structure seems to be quite different from those in hearing world. (Have deaf niece and see her Facebook interactions with deaf friends.
3. Book programs like Dolly Parton's for children could be very helpful; also library story hours, etc. TV for preschoolers - Sesame Street, etc.
4. I used a program called Doman Delcado (I think- nearly 60 yrs ago.) which had large printed words placed through the home on objects - "door", "Window", "Chair", etc. The young child -beginning under one year- would associate the printed letters with the objects. Parent would say the word and point to the object and letters, etc. I gave the program up when third child arrived because I was too occupied with daily living.